Sector
Fishery
Indonesia, boasting the title of the world’s largest archipelagic country with a vast sea area of 5.8 million square kilometers, stands as one of the largest producers and suppliers in the global fisheries market. The abundance of sea area provides Indonesia with a wealth of fisheries products, making fisheries a national leading sector in the country.
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Fishery
Indonesia, boasting the title of the world’s largest archipelagic country with a vast sea area of 5.8 million square kilometers, stands as one of the largest producers and suppliers in the global fisheries market. The abundance of sea area provides Indonesia with a wealth of fisheries products, making fisheries a national leading sector in the country.
There are 23 regions where fisheries stand out as a leading sector, supporting local economies and providing food security. These regions encompass Aceh, Bengkulu, Riau, Lampung, South Sumatra, Central Java, Bali, West Nusa Tenggara, East Nusa Tenggara, Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan and North Kalimantan. Other regions include Central Sulawesi, Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, West Sulawesi, North Sulawesi, Gorontalo, Maluku, North Maluku, Papua, West Papua, and Bangka Belitung.
In 2022, Indonesia’s fisheries sector contributed a total of Rp505 trillion to the country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Building this strong foundation, the country set an ambitious target of reaching US$7.2 billion in fishery exports by the end of 2023. Previously, total fishery product exports had hovered around US$5 billion to US$6 billion.
Supporting the sector’s contribution to the country’s GDP is its production. Throughout the third quarter of 2023, Indonesia’s fisheries production totaled 24.74 million tons. This figure includes both capture fisheries and aquaculture. In aquaculture, the main commodities are seaweed cultivation and shrimp cultivation, while in capture fisheries, the main commodities are tuna, skipjack tuna, and mackerel tuna.
Furthermore, Indonesia’s fisheries sector is experiencing a surge in investment. By the third quarter of 2023, the sector had attracted a total of Rp9.56 trillion in investment, with significant contributions from a mix of domestic sources at Rp5.32 trillion, foreign investors at Rp1.4 trillion, and credit sources at Rp2.84 trillion. Notably, China is the largest foreign investor, contributing Rp370.74 billion, followed by Malaysia with Rp240.4 billion, and Switzerland with Rp152.89 billion, highlighting the increasing international interest in Indonesia’s fisheries potential.
While Indonesia boasts impressive fisheries production and growing investments in its fisheries sector, it is vital to uphold fisheries regulations. These regulations ensure that this valuable sector thrives alongside healthy marine ecosystems. It is reported that Indonesia is scheduled to enforce a new fisheries policy in 2025, which will see quotas assigned to industrial, local, and non-commercial fishers across six designated fishing zones, covering all 11 fisheries management areas (FMAs) in Indonesia. The new quota system responds to a worrying rise in overexploited FMAs, which have increased to 53 percent from 44 percent in 2017.
Latest News
President Prabowo Subianto ’s administration has begun feeling the pressure of the global energy crisis, with state-owned energy company Pertamina raising prices for several unsubsidized fuel and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) products. The move appears necessary to protect fiscal stability and Pertamina’s operations amid supply disruptions caused by the United States-Israeli war on Iran.
The US-Iran conflict has driven a sharp increase in global crude oil prices. West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude futures rose from $67.02 per barrel on Feb. 27 to $112.95 per barrel on April 7. Both benchmarks declined following a ceasefire on April 8, with Brent and WTI falling to $94.75 and $94.41 per barrel, respectively. Meanwhile, according to the Energy and Mineral Resource (ESDM) Ministry, the Indonesia Crude Price (ICP) surged from US$68.79 per barrel in February to $102.26 per barrel in March, reflecting movements in global crude futures. From a pre-war level of $72.48 per barrel on Feb. 27, Brent Crude futures climbed to $118.35 per barrel on March 31.
Accordingly, PT Pertamina Patra Niaga, a subsidiary of state-owned energy company Pertamina, announced on April 18 that it would adjust prices for Pertamax Turbo, Pertamina’s research octane number (RON) 98 gasoline, as well as Dex and Dexlite, Pertamina’s cetane number (CN) 53 and CN 51 diesel products. The price of Pertamax Turbo increased from Rp 13,100 (US 76 cents) per liter to Rp 19,400 per liter. Dex rose from Rp 14,500 per liter to Rp 23,900 per liter, while Dexlite increased from Rp 14,200 per liter to Rp 23,600 per liter.
Pertamina Patra Niaga also raised prices for unsubsidized 12-kilogram LPG cylinders in Java, Bali and West Nusa Tenggara from Rp 192,000 to Rp 228,000 per cylinder, marking the first increase since 2023. Meanwhile, prices for unsubsidized 5.5-kg LPG cylinders in the same regions rose from Rp 90,000 to Rp 107,000 per cylinder. Prices in other regions will be adjusted based on distribution costs.
The ESDM Ministry reiterated the government’s commitment to maintain subsidized fuel prices until the end of 2026. However, it also acknowledged that a second phase of price hikes for other unsubsidized fuel and gas products may be necessary if crude prices remain elevated.
The Finance Ministry stated that maintaining fuel subsidies remains possible through budget reallocations from ministries and agencies, as well as the projected 2.9 percent fiscal deficit. The ministry also noted that the government has Rp 490 trillion in excess budget balances from the previous fiscal year that could serve as a buffer. According to its calculations, these reallocations would be sufficient to sustain fuel subsidies if crude prices average around US$100 per barrel in 2026.
However, that assumption remains risky. The 2026 state budget is based on an average crude oil price of just $70 per barrel, while state-owned Bank Mandiri estimates that every $1 increase in crude prices would add roughly Rp 10.3 trillion in energy subsidy and compensation costs. By comparison, every $1 increase in crude prices would generate only Rp 3.5 trillion in additional tax and royalty revenues. The government’s reluctance to raise subsidized fuel prices also reflects inflation concerns. For instance, every Rp 1 increase in the price of subsidized RON 90 Pertalite could raise inflation by 0.27 percentage points.
Pertamina’s decision to raise prices for selected unsubsidized fuel products appears unavoidable given the pressure on downstream operations. However, if the company is forced to raise prices across all unsubsidized products, inflationary pressure could intensify while increasing the fiscal burden as consumers shift to subsidized alternatives. With no clear end to the US-Iran standoff, broader fuel price hikes may ultimately become unavoidable.
