Sector
Agriculture
Indonesia, with its archipelago of volcanic soil and plentiful rainfall, offers a natural abundance that sustains the nation and plays a crucial role in its economic prosperity. One of the country’s leading sectors is agriculture, supporting the livelihoods of millions and making a significant contribution to Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). From rice paddies to coffee plantations, this diverse range of crops reflects the country’s unique geography and climate, making it a powerhouse in the global agricultural market.
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Agriculture
Indonesia, with its archipelago of volcanic soil and plentiful rainfall, offers a natural abundance that sustains the nation and plays a crucial role in its economic prosperity. One of the country’s leading sectors is agriculture, supporting the livelihoods of millions and making a significant contribution to Indonesia’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). From rice paddies to coffee plantations, this diverse range of crops reflects the country’s unique geography and climate, making it a powerhouse in the global agricultural market.
In 2022, Indonesia’s agricultural sector generated approximately Rp2.4 quadrillion in GDP. This sector alone accounts for 12.4 percent of the country’s GDP, underlining its importance to the national economy. The following year, the country experienced a steady growth rate of 1.3 percent in this sector.
Agriculture serves as a key sector for the national economy in various Indonesian provinces, including Aceh, North Sumatra, West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, Bengkulu, and South Sumatra. Additionally, the provinces of Lampung, Bangka Belitung, West Java, Central Java, East Java, and West Kalimantan, among others, also consider agriculture as a key sector.
This sector offers a rich variety of commodities, including paddy, corn, soybean, sweet potato, and cassava – all staple commodities that play a vital role in sustaining Indonesia’s food supply. Additionally, crops such as cocoa, coconut, coffee, and palm oil are essential for export income and providing job opportunities. In terms of employment, the agriculture sector employs nearly 28 percent of the country’s workforce.
The country’s agricultural sector has also attracted significant foreign investment in 2023, with roughly US$2 billion in direct contributions. With this sector helping sustain Indonesia’s food supply, the country’s paddy production statistics that same year indicate that roughly 10.2 million hectares of land were harvested, yielding an estimated 56.63 million tons of dried unhusked rice (GKG). Once processed for consumption, this translates to approximately 30.9 million tons of rice available for the population.
In a move to strengthen its agricultural foothold within Southeast Asia, Indonesia seeks to expand cooperation with Vietnam in both agriculture and aquaculture. Indonesia and Vietnam are forging a partnership to modernize their agriculture and aquaculture industries. This collaboration will leverage digitalization for improved efficiency and invest in research and development to enhance the quality and global competitiveness of their agricultural and fishery products.
Latest News
Beef retailers have gone on strike in protest over the rising price of live cattle set by feedlot operators. While the increase is partly attributed to supply losses caused by flooding in Australia, Indonesia’s largest source of imported cattle, the Agriculture Ministry suspects foul play among feedlot operators, alleging that they are maintaining elevated prices to secure higher margins. This comes as the government earlier this month slashed the private sector’s beef import quota from 180,000 tonnes last year to just 30,000 tonnes.
Price data point to sustained pressures along the supply chain. The average national price of live cattle at the feedlot level stood at Rp 52,941 (US$3.14) per kilogram on Jan. 28, according to National Food Agency (Bapanas) data, below the government reference price of Rp 56,000–58,000 per kg. However, at the consumer level, the average national price of hindquarter beef reached Rp 136,720 per kg, approaching the government reference price of Rp 140,000 per kg, suggesting that price pressures remain downstream.
Traders in traditional markets said their purchase price from slaughterhouses had risen sharply, from around Rp 85,000–Rp 90,000 per kg previously to about Rp 110,000 per kg. Several traders said this had pushed their cost of goods sold to roughly Rp 125,000 per kg, forcing them to sell beef at around Rp 130,000 per kg over the past month. As a result, daily sales volumes have fallen significantly, with some traders reporting a drop from around 10 kg per day to just 3 kg.
Against this backdrop, traders and slaughterhouse operators in Greater Jakarta went on strike on Jan. 22–24, after negotiations on live cattle price stability with the Agriculture Ministry and other agencies on Jan. 5 failed to yield a solution. After the strike, the Agriculture Ministry, Bapanas and several associations reached an agreement to keep the benchmark purchase price of live cattle at the feedlot level at Rp 55,000 per kg to stabilize prices and ensure supply ahead of Ramadan and Idul Fitri 2026.
Several importers said they were already under pressure when the benchmark price had been set at Rp 58,000 per kg, as that price had been factored into their procurement plans to secure Australian cattle ahead of the peak Ramadan sales period. With the maximum benchmark price now lowered to Rp 55,000 per kg, they said the margin has become extremely thin, as the price is now close to their actual cost of sourcing cattle from Australia.
Amid mounting scrutiny, the Agriculture Ministry has formed a special task force to investigate alleged price speculation in the Greater Jakarta area. The ministry has warned that it could revoke business or import permits and pursue criminal charges against parties found to be manipulating prices.
The Jakarta provincial administration, however, offered a different assessment, saying it had found no evidence of supply shortages in the capital. Instead, it pointed to rising import costs, noting that the price of live cattle from Australia had increased from Rp 53,000 per kg in November 2025 to Rp 61,000 per kg. The increase had been attributed to rupiah exchange rate fluctuations and tighter supply from Australia, where cattle losses in Queensland reportedly exceeded 100,000 head following Tropical Cyclone Koji. Australia remains Indonesia’s dominant supplier, with beef imports reaching 113,622.94 tonnes in 2024, the highest among all origin countries, according to Statistics Indonesia (BPS).
The impact of higher import costs has been compounded by policy changes. Under the government’s 2026 import policy, the private sector’s beef quota was cut sharply from 180,000 tonnes to just 30,000 tonnes. By contrast, state-owned enterprises received a combined quota of 250,000 tonnes for beef and buffalo meat imports, consisting of 100,000 tonnes of buffalo meat from India, 75,000 tonnes of beef from Brazil, and 75,000 tonnes of beef from other countries.
Industry groups have warned that the policy risks destabilizing the market. The Indonesian Meat Entrepreneurs and Processors Association (APPDI) said the drastic quota reduction could trigger market disruption and potential layoffs.
