Province

North Kalimantan

North Kalimantan, diversity in numbers

Situated on the island of Borneo, North Kalimantan is a province formed in 2012 under Law No. 20/2012 on the Establishment of North Kalimantan Province to reduce development disparities from East Kalimantan. The capital of North Kalimantan is Tanjung Selor, located on the eastern coast of the province. Meanwhile, the largest city, Tarakan, serves as the financial center.

Covering 70,101 square kilometers, North Kalimantan consists of four regencies and one city. It was once dubbed as the least populous province in Indonesia, prior to the creation of South Papua in 2022. As of 2023, however, it is estimated that North Kalimantan had a population of 730,010 people, representing various ethnicities including indigenous Kalimantan people such as Dayak, Tidung, Malay, Kutai, and Banjar, as well as migrant groups such as Bugis, Javanese, Bajau, Manjar, Minahasa, Buton, and Gorontalo. Other ethnic groups such as the Madurese, Makassar, Toraja, Chinese, Bawean, Balinese, and Suluk/Tausug people also reside in the province.

Based on the 2023 Census, North Kalimantan is home to 73.36 percent of the Muslim population, followed by 26.02 percent of Christians, where 19.44 percent are Protestants and 6.58 percent are Catholics. Most of the Christian population in North Kalimantan resides in Malinau. The remaining religious groups in the province are 0.54 percent Buddhists, 0.05 percent Hindus, 0.02 percent Konghucu, and 0.01 percent indigenous faiths.

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North Kalimantan’s economy and leading sectors

North Kalimantan has seen a positive increase in the province’s economy. According to data from the North Kalimantan Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the province’s economic growth in the fourth quarter of 2023 experienced a growth of 4.94 percent, making it the second-highest economic growth on the island of Kalimantan. Furthermore, the province’s Regional Gross Domestic Product (GRDP) in 2022 amounted to Rp 66 trillion with contribution from the mining sector quoted as the largest at Rp 17 trillion.

The province’s geographical condition also benefits the province in developing its fisheries sector, utilizing its marine resources and abundant fish cultivation for both domestic consumption and overseas export. Consequently, this sector, which also includes forestry and agriculture, has contributed to North Kalimantan’s economic growth, with a contribution of Rp 11 trillion to the province’s 2022 GRDP.

Furthermore, North Kalimantan has recorded potential in its exports. In 2021, the province exported a total of 20.8 million tonnes valued at US$164 billion. The majority of this amount, accounting for 20.7 million tonnes, comprised mineral fuels, mineral oils, and their distillation products, bituminous substances, and mineral waxes, totaling US$163.8 billion. Tobacco and manufactured tobacco substitutes came next, totaling 16,275 tonnes worth US$134 million, followed by fisheries at 12,209 tonnes with a value of US$28.7 million.

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Latest News

July 3, 2025

Indonesian Ambassador to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan Fadjroel Rachman paid an official visit to Dushanbe, Tajikistan and met with Tajikistan Prime Minister Qohir Rasulzoda on May 31, 2025.

During the meeting, Fadjroel expressed his gratitude for the Tajikistan government's plan to invest in aluminium processing in Indonesia, which is projected to reach an initial value of US$2 billion with the possibility of increasing according to industry needs.

In addition, he also discussed the plan to build an Indonesian palm oil manufacturing facility in Tajikistan, which is targeted to produce green products that will be marketed to neighboring countries such as Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and the border region of China.

Fadjroel also reiterated the initiative for cooperation in renewable energy (renewables), especially hydroelectric power plants (HPPs), which had previously been discussed by then-President Joko "Jokowi" Widodo in his meeting with Prime Minister Rasulzoda at the 2024 World Water Forum in Bali Province, Indonesia.

"Indonesia sees a great opportunity to cooperate considering that Tajikistan has an advantage in terms of hydropower, with 90 percent of domestic electricity needs coming from HPPs and surplus energy exported to neighboring countries," Fadjroel noted.

One of the major projects currently being developed in Indonesia is the HPP on the Kayan River in North Kalimantan Province, which has a potential capacity of 13,000 megawatts (MW) and is designed to support the energy needs of the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) as a smart and green city. In addition, President Jokowi has also opened up investment opportunities in Papua, which has a 24,000 MW hydropower potential from the Mamberamo River.

Fadjroel emphasized that this increased cooperation is a concrete form of the implementation of President Prabowo Subianto's vision, namely encouraging downstream industry development and industrialization to increase the value of domestic products.

Moreover, he welcomed the presence of Daya Anagata Nusantara Investment Management Agency (Danantara) Investment Director Hernando Wahyono in Tajikistan, and invited him to explore opportunities for cooperation with Kazakhstan's sovereign wealth fund (SWF) Samruk-Kazyna, which manages assets worth US$81 billion compared to the Indonesian SWF's assets of around US$1 trillion.

Rasulzoda and Tajikistan Foreign Minister Sirojiddin Muhriddin gave their appreciation for the three decades of diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Tajikistan. Muhriddin also expressed his gratitude for the holding of Indonesia's first diplomatic reception in Dushanbe with the theme "Wonderful Indonesia" on Nov. 1, 2024, which was attended by various foreign representatives and Tajik government officials.

He also highlighted the importance of cooperation in the field of education, with more than 300 Tajik students having received scholarships to Indonesia.

During his visit, Fadjroel also conveyed the plan for the arrival of the Indonesian Foreign Minister Sugiono to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan in 2025 to strengthen political, economic, cultural, educational, and trade cooperation between both countries with Indonesia, as well as expand Indonesia's market access to the Central Asian, Eurasian, and Caucasian regions. Cultural diplomacy is also an important focus, especially with the rapid development of pencak silat in Tajikistan and Kazakhstan.

The high-level international conference on glacier conservation in Dushanbe that Fadjroel visited for, which was opened by President Emomali Rahmon, was also attended by Indonesian Deputy Foreign Minister Arrmanatha Nasir and United Nations Special Envoy on Water Retno Marsudi on May 29–31, 2025.

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