Province

Jakarta

DKI Jakarta

Officially named the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia’s largest metropolis serves as the economic, cultural, and political hub of the country as well as the nation’s capital city. With a total area of 662,33 square kilometers, Jakarta is divided into five administrative regions: Central Jakarta, North Jakarta, West Jakarta, South Jakarta, East Jakarta, and the administrative regency of Thousand Islands. The province also has a metropolitan area that includes the satellite cities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi, Puncak, and Cianjur (Jabodetabekpunjur).

Despite being the capital, Jakarta is undergoing legislative changes through the Jakarta Special Region (DKJ) bill, aligning with the Nusantara Capital City (IKN) Law for relocating the capital to Nusantara, East Kalimantan. Through this bill, Jakarta aims to be redefined as a global business and economic hub, akin to New York or Melbourne, while expanding its metropolitan area to include Cianjur regency in West Java and the South Tangerang municipality in Banten.

As of 2022, Jakarta’s population stands at 10.6 million people, making it the province with the highest population density in Indonesia, with 16,158 people per square kilometer. It is home to various ethnic groups, predominantly Javanese, alongside Betawi, Sundanese, Batak, Minang, and Malay. In terms of religion, the majority of Jakarta’s population are Muslims, totaling 9.4 million people, followed by Christians with 437,967 people, Hindus with 20,262 people, Buddhists with 393,919 people, Konghuchu with 1,739 people, and adherents of indigenous beliefs 417 people.

On its way to becoming a Smart City 4.0, the Jakarta Provincial Government established Jakarta Smart City (JSC). Operating under the authority of the Jakarta Provincial Government and the Jakarta Provincial Communication, Informatics, and Statistics Office (Diskominfotik), JSC aims to optimize technology in government affairs and public services for the benefit of all Jakarta residents.

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Jakarta’s Economy

As the largest metropolis in Southeast Asia, the DKI Jakarta Central Statistics Agency (BPS) recorded Jakarta’s Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices in 2023 reaching Rp 2.050 trillion, indicating an economic growth of 4.96 percent from 2022. Based on this GRDP, the top three leading sectors that drive Jakarta’s economic growth are wholesale and retail trade, which reached Rp 321 trillion in GRDP, followed by information and communications at Rp 281 trillion, and the manufacturing industry at Rp 232 trillion.

Moreover, from an expenditure standpoint, Jakarta’s largest proportion came from the exports of goods and services at 66.29 percent, followed by household consumption (HCE) at 62.15 percent, and gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) at 34.24 percent.

In addition, data from the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) shows that the cumulative realization of foreign and direct investment in Jakarta until 2022 reaches Rp 53.8 trillion, constituting about 8.2 percent of the total national realization. This makes Jakarta the reigning top investment destination province in Indonesia, with popular sectors encompassing construction, tourism, technology and information, and trade. As for domestic investment, the construction sector dominated in 2022 with a value of Rp 28.8 trillion, while the realization of foreign investments was dominated by the transportation, warehouse, and telecommunications sector, reaching Rp 20 trillion.

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Latest News

March 25, 2025

The revision of the Indonesian Military (TNI) Law has not only sparked widespread controversy in public but interestingly also revealed a semblance of a rift within the government and military leadership.

The revision has provoked a wave of criticism and protests from civil society, especially due to the closed and rapid deliberation of the draft, which is feared will result in low-quality legislation that fails to anticipate long-term challenges.

Among key arguments against the revision is a provision in the draft law that allows active military personnel to occupy civilian posts in five more government institutions based on the President’s discretion. The opposition, mainly civil society groups, insists that the revision will further damage the hard-won democracy achieved by the Reform movement since 1998.

The concern seems to be understandable as there are active military officers holding strategic civilian posts in the government of President Prabowo Subianto, such as Lt. Col. Teddy Indra Wijaya as the cabinet secretary and Maj. Gen. Novi Helmy as president director of the State Logistics Agency (Bulog).

Prevailing Law No. 34/2004 on the TNI stipulates 10 civilian posts that military personnel can occupy without having to give up their military careers. Through the revision, the posts will be expanded to 14.

The new civilian jobs that can go to active military personnel are those in the fields of border management, disaster relief, counterterrorism, maritime security (coast guard) and the Attorney General’s Office (AGO). The military’s entry to the latter four institutions has been in place for some time but has not been addressed in the TNI Law.

TNI chief Gen. Agus Subiyanto maintains that military officers assigned to civilian institutions outside of the 14 fields mentioned in the new law should retire from service. He did not explicitly name the officers, but many believe he was referring to Teddy and Novi.

In contrast, Army chief of staff Gen. Maruli Simanjuntak jumped to the defense of the two officers, saying they did not need to quit the military because their assignments came from the President, who is also the supreme commander of the TNI, besides their expertise is needed by the country. Maruli also asked those who oppose this arrangement to not create problems in public, which he said would only lead to division.

Agus was promoted to the TNI’s top post by then-president Joko “Jokowi” Widodo in November 2023 in place of Adm. Yudo Margono. Agus served as the Surakarta military commander when Jokowi was the mayor of the city. In November 2020, Jokowi chose Agus as commander of the presidential security detail.

While Agus is set to retire in August, according to the current TNI Law, Maruli still has about three more years left before reaching the retirement age of 58. Like Agus, Maruli is deemed as part Jokowi’s inner circle, being the son-in-law of Luhut Pandjaitan, known as one of Jokowi’s most trusted aides and a close ally to President Prabowo.

The new law, if passed by the House of Representatives, however, will open up the possibility for Agus to serve longer as the draft law stipulates that four-star generals can serve until they reach 63 years old with a possible extension to 65 years old.

For non-commissioned officers, the retirement age is set at 55, while for middle-ranking officers 58. The retirement age for high-ranking officers is also extended to 60, 61 and 62 for one-star, two-star and three-star generals, respectively.

A minor change has also been made to Article 3, which concerns the relationship between the TNI and the president, and between the TNI and the Defense Ministry. The draft revision simply confirms that the TNI falls under the president when it comes to the use or deployment of troops. On the other hand, the draft establishes the authority of the Defense Ministry to coordinate strategic planning and provide administrative support for the TNI.

All in all, the revision of Law 34/2004 has failed to touch on essential aspects of building the TNI as a more professional defense force. The draft only focuses on administrative matters, costing the policymakers their chance to reformulate defense policies that are relevant to current challenges and threats.

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