Province

Central Java

Central Java

Covering a total area of 34,337 square kilometers in the middle of the island of Java, Central Java is a province comprising 29 regencies and six municipalities, including Magelang, Surakarta, Salatiga, Semarang, Pekalongan, and Tegal, with Semarang serving as Central Java’s administrative capital. The province also encompasses the Special Region of Yogyakarta, which remains under its jurisdiction.

As of 2023, Central Java has a total population of 37.5 million people with a population density of 200 people per square kilometer, according to data from the Central Java Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Out of this population, the majority adhere to Islam with/ Oftentimes, those who adhere to Islam are classified into two groups: the Santri, who strictly adhere to Islamic teachings and Sharia law, and the Abangan, who identify as Muslims but retain strong influences from Javanese spiritual beliefs, known as Kejawen, in their customs and practices. Other religions practiced in the province include Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Khonghucu, and indigenous belief systems. Cities such as Semarang, Magelang, Surakarta, and Salatiga boast Christian populations.

In Central Java, the predominant ethnic group is the Javanese, making the province a renowned cultural epicenter of Java, with Surakarta hosting the royal palace of Java. A notable minority population consisting of the Chinese community has seamlessly integrated with the Javanese, with many conversing in Javanese with distinct accents in their daily interactions. This palpable influence is especially evident in cities such as Semarang and Lasem, the latter often referred to as the Le Petit Chinois or Little China Town, situated in the northeastern corner of Central Java. Other notable ethnic groups residing in Central Java are the Sundanese, Batak, Madura, Lampung, Betawi, Malay, Minangkabau, and other ethnic groups.

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Central Java’s economy

Central Java's economy, with a Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) totaling Rp 1.102 trillion in 2023, thrives on diverse sectors. Among the leading contributors are the manufacturing industry sector, having contributed Rp 361 trillion, the construction sector with Rp 115 trillion, and the wholesale retail and trade sector – including automotive and motorcycle repair – with Rp 161 trillion in contributions to the province’s GRDP.

The Indonesian government is also developing a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the region of Kendal. The Kendal SEZ specializes in export-oriented industries, import substitution, high-tech products (HTP), and specialized applications supporting Industry 4.0 and Industry 4.0-based logistics. With projections indicating an investment potential of Rp 72 trillion and the creation of 20,000 job opportunities by 2025, the Kendal SEZ stands as a promising investment destination.

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Latest News

December 30, 2025

Foreign investors from Malaysia and China are reportedly interested in investing Rp 62.3 trillion in total to Central Java Province. Central Java Governor Ahmad Luthfi revealed that foreign investors from the two countries had signed Letters of Intent (LoIs) for the investments.

"The total is Rp 62.3 trillion. [They include] around Rp 6.9 trillion from Malaysia and Rp 55.4 trillion from Fujian, China," Luthfi said in Semarang City, as quoted by Antara, on Nov. 29, 2025.

He explained that Fujian Province, China, and Central Java have had a 20-year working relationship as sister provinces. Fujian is committed to significant investments spanning various sectors that range from road construction, concrete and construction materials, automotive components, housing infrastructure, tableware, to renewable energy.

"They are attracted to Central Java because our workforce is competitive, our region is capital- and labor-intensive, and our investment climate is favorable. We have also simplified investment permitting," Luthfi elaborated.

In addition, the Central Java Provincial Government and Fujian will also collaborate in the education sector. In fact, an agreement has been reached between Central Java and the Chinese company Ruijie Network for scholarships and internships in information technology at vocational schools in Central Java. The collaboration, driven by the Central Java Province Education Office, aims to improve the quality of human resources, especially in the trades, in Central Java.

"We are preparing vocational schools to meet the need for skilled workers. We train what the industry needs," Luthfi noted.

He added that the Central Java Provincial Government is also committed to opening direct flights from Fujian to Semarang City, but the route's implementation is still hampered by the length of Gen. Ahmad Yani International Airport's runway. The initiative to extend the runway has been coordinated with the central government and airport state-owned enterprise (SOE) PT Angkasa Pura Indonesia (Injourney Airports).

Meanwhile, for naval routes, the Port of Tanjung Emas in Semarang City already has a direct route to Fujian with a frequency of one trip every two weeks. Nevertheless, port revitalization is still needed to optimize services, and the Central Java Provincial Government has written to the Transportation Ministry regarding the need.

On trade, Luthfi also mentioned the collaboration between the Asian Trade, Tourism, and Economic Council (ATTEC) and Asian business leaders to encourage increased investment in Central Java, driven by the Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry (Kadin) and the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association (HIPMI). He is optimistic that this collaboration will strengthen Central Java's position as a draw for investment.

Meanwhile, realized investments to Central Java from January to September 2025 reached Rp 66.13 trillion, or 84.42 percent of the annual investment target, Central Java Province Investment and One-Stop Integrated Services Office (DPMPTSP). The investments also created 326,462 jobs.

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