Province

Central Java

Central Java

Covering a total area of 34,337 square kilometers in the middle of the island of Java, Central Java is a province comprising 29 regencies and six municipalities, including Magelang, Surakarta, Salatiga, Semarang, Pekalongan, and Tegal, with Semarang serving as Central Java’s administrative capital. The province also encompasses the Special Region of Yogyakarta, which remains under its jurisdiction.

As of 2023, Central Java has a total population of 37.5 million people with a population density of 200 people per square kilometer, according to data from the Central Java Central Statistics Agency (BPS). Out of this population, the majority adhere to Islam with/ Oftentimes, those who adhere to Islam are classified into two groups: the Santri, who strictly adhere to Islamic teachings and Sharia law, and the Abangan, who identify as Muslims but retain strong influences from Javanese spiritual beliefs, known as Kejawen, in their customs and practices. Other religions practiced in the province include Christianity, Catholicism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Khonghucu, and indigenous belief systems. Cities such as Semarang, Magelang, Surakarta, and Salatiga boast Christian populations.

In Central Java, the predominant ethnic group is the Javanese, making the province a renowned cultural epicenter of Java, with Surakarta hosting the royal palace of Java. A notable minority population consisting of the Chinese community has seamlessly integrated with the Javanese, with many conversing in Javanese with distinct accents in their daily interactions. This palpable influence is especially evident in cities such as Semarang and Lasem, the latter often referred to as the Le Petit Chinois or Little China Town, situated in the northeastern corner of Central Java. Other notable ethnic groups residing in Central Java are the Sundanese, Batak, Madura, Lampung, Betawi, Malay, Minangkabau, and other ethnic groups.

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Central Java’s economy

Central Java's economy, with a Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) totaling Rp 1.102 trillion in 2023, thrives on diverse sectors. Among the leading contributors are the manufacturing industry sector, having contributed Rp 361 trillion, the construction sector with Rp 115 trillion, and the wholesale retail and trade sector – including automotive and motorcycle repair – with Rp 161 trillion in contributions to the province’s GRDP.

The Indonesian government is also developing a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) in the region of Kendal. The Kendal SEZ specializes in export-oriented industries, import substitution, high-tech products (HTP), and specialized applications supporting Industry 4.0 and Industry 4.0-based logistics. With projections indicating an investment potential of Rp 72 trillion and the creation of 20,000 job opportunities by 2025, the Kendal SEZ stands as a promising investment destination.

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Latest News

November 25, 2025

Hundreds of visitors beheld the opening of International Mask Festival 2025 at the Pendapa Gede Hall of Surakarta "Solo" City, Central Java Province, on Nov. 14, 2025.

Under dim lighting that illuminated the stage, the Semarak Candrakirana dancers performed the Janma Krodha dance, a work that blended traditional discipline and contemporary energy. Dressed in white with gold accents, the dancers moved nimbly to the rhythm of gamelan music, occasionally interspersed with modern rhythmic music.

Their body movements depicted four basic human traits; amarah (anger), aluamah (desire), supiyah (passion), and mutmainah (serenity), which were then visualized through stretches of white, black, red, and yellow cloth. The audience listened silently, as if immersed in the story of human birth conveyed through body language.

International Mask Festival 2025 Chief Executive Putri Pramesti Wigaringtyas explained said that the festival was a stage where masks reigned supreme.

"Masks are not just art objects; they are symbols that represent the traditions, folklore, and social values ​​of a nation," she added in her opening remarks for International Mask Festival 2025.

The festival had "Awesome Mask" as its theme for this year, affirming that masks remain a powerful medium for conveying messages about identity and humanity amid rapid changes brought by the passage of time.

Solo Mayor Respati Ardi called the festival a testament to the city's commitment to remain a cultural center that embraces both tradition and modern creativity.

International Mask Festival 2025 is a multinational celebration involving 21 artists from Indonesia and abroad. Banda Neira also returned after a hiatus as guest performers for the event.

The festival was comprised of a contemporary mask exhibition, an international conference on masks, and a culinary bazaar for micro, small, and medium enterprises.

"The International Mask Festival presents itself with a different face every year. We want visitors to always discover something new," said Putri.

DWM Dance Academy founder Khin Mon Thu is performing in Surakarta for the first time through the festival. The coreographer from Myanmar said she was impressed by the way the International Mask Festival embraced the younger generation and provides a space for intercultural dialogue.

"In Myanmar, we have mask performances, but there's no festival like this. I came to learn. Next year, I want to bring a crew and introduce our mask culture here," said Khin.

Her collaboration with the Semarak Candrakirana dance studio made this year's festival feel more lively through a meeting of two different, yet complementary, traditions.

The International Mask Festival's inclusion in Karisma Event Nusantara 2025, the Tourism Ministry's flagship program, has further expanded its reach. Thus, Solo Culture and Tourism Office Head Siti Khotimah hopes the festival will be a magnet for tourists.

"We want people to come to Solo specifically to see the IMF, and then to enjoy the city," she said.

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